Information For Authors

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS, MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION AND EDITORIAL POLICIES

1. ABOUT THE JOURNAL

The Journal of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy (JBCP) is a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal committed to the dissemination of high-quality research, evidence, innovation, and professional knowledge in biopharmaceutics, clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacotherapy, and related biomedical and health sciences.

The Journal provides a platform for researchers, pharmacists, clinicians, laboratory scientists, academics, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and students to share scientific findings and evidence that contribute to improved medicine use, pharmaceutical care, therapeutic outcomes, patient safety, and public health.

The Journal welcomes contributions from researchers and professionals across Africa and the global scientific community.

2. AIMS AND SCOPE

The Journal publishes high-quality scholarly work in, but not limited to the following areas:

  • Biopharmaceutics
  • Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care
  • Pharmacotherapy
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Medicine
  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Drug Formulation and Drug Delivery Systems
  • Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Hospital and Community Pharmacy
  • Medication Therapy Management
  • Medication Safety
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Pharmacoepidemiology
  • Pharmacoeconomics
  • Health Outcomes Research
  • Drug Discovery and Development
  • Clinical Trials
  • Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation
  • Public Health Pharmacy
  • Toxicology
  • Laboratory Medicine in Pharmaceutical Care
  • Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacy
  • Rational Use of Medicines
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship
  • Pharmaceutical Education and Workforce Development

3. TYPES OF MANUSCRIPTS

The Journal considers the following categories of manuscripts.

3.1 Original Research Articles

Original research articles should present novel findings from laboratory, clinical, experimental, pharmaceutical, epidemiological, observational, or population-based research.

Recommended maximum length: 6,000 words, excluding references, tables, and figure legends.

Recommended structure:

  • Title Page
  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Author Contributions
  • Conflict of Interest
  • Funding
  • Data Availability Statement
  • References

3.2 Review Articles

Review articles should provide comprehensive, balanced, and critical evaluations of important or emerging topics relevant to the Journal.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should follow recognised reporting standards.

Recommended maximum length: 8,000 words.

3.3 Short Communications

Short communications report important preliminary findings, innovative methods, novel observations, or emerging research findings.

Recommended maximum length: 2,500 words.

3.4 Case Reports and Case Series

Case reports should describe unusual, clinically significant, educational, or novel cases relevant to biopharmaceutics, clinical pharmacy, pharmacotherapy, or patient care.

Written informed consent must be obtained where applicable.

Recommended maximum length: 3,000 words.

3.5 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should clearly describe:

  • The research question
  • Search strategy
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria
  • Study selection
  • Data extraction
  • Quality or risk-of-bias assessment
  • Data synthesis
  • Limitations

Authors are encouraged to register review protocols where appropriate.

3.6 Editorials, Commentaries and Perspectives

These articles may address emerging scientific, professional, clinical, pharmaceutical, regulatory, or public health issues.

Recommended maximum length: 2,500 words.

3.7 Letters to the Editor

Letters may discuss previously published articles, scientific developments, professional issues, or matters of relevance to the Journal's readership.

Recommended maximum length: 1,000 words.

 

 

4. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically through the Journal's designated submission platform or Editorial Office.

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that:

  • All listed authors meet authorship requirements.
  • All authors have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
  • The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.
  • All ethical and regulatory requirements have been fulfilled.
  • All declarations are complete and accurate.

5. MANUSCRIPT FORMAT

Manuscripts should be prepared using:

  • Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx)
  • Times New Roman font
  • Font size: 12 points
  • 1.5 or double line spacing
  • Standard page margins
  • Consecutive page numbering
  • Continuous line numbering, where possible

Authors should use clear, concise, and grammatically correct English.

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently throughout the manuscript.

6. MANUSCRIPT TEMPLATE

TITLE PAGE

The Title Page should contain:

Manuscript Title

The title should be concise, specific, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript. Total number of words should be less than or 20 words maximum.

Author Names

Provide the full names of all authors.

 

Author Affiliations

For each author, provide:

  • Department
  • Faculty or College
  • Institution
  • City
  • State/Province
  • Country

Corresponding Author

Provide:

  • Full name
  • Institutional affiliation
  • Email address
  • Telephone number, where required

ORCID

Authors are encouraged to provide their ORCID identification number where available.

Running Title

Provide a short running title where required.

7. ABSTRACT

Original research articles should generally include a structured abstract of approximately 250–300 words.

The abstract should include:

Background: Brief context and rationale.

Objective: The main purpose of the study.

Methods: Study design, participants or materials, methods of analysis, and major procedures.

Results: Key findings.

Conclusion: Main conclusions and implications.

The abstract should not contain:

  • References
  • Undefined abbreviations
  • Information not included in the manuscript

8. KEYWORDS

Provide 3–6 keywords immediately after the abstract.

Keywords should be specific and relevant. Authors are encouraged to use recognised indexing terms, including MeSH terminology where appropriate.

9. MAIN TEXT STRUCTURE

Original research articles should generally follow the IMRAD structure:

Introduction

The introduction should:

  • Present the background.
  • Identify the knowledge gap.
  • Explain the importance of the study.
  • Clearly state the study objective or hypothesis.

Materials and Methods

Authors should provide sufficient detail to enable understanding and, where possible, replication of the study.

This section should include, where applicable:

  • Study design
  • Study setting
  • Study population
  • Sample size
  • Sampling method
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria
  • Data collection procedures
  • Laboratory or analytical procedures
  • Study variables
  • Outcome measures
  • Statistical analysis
  • Ethical approval

 

Results

Results should be presented clearly and logically.

Avoid unnecessary repetition between:

  • Text
  • Tables
  • Figures

Discussion

The discussion should:

  • Interpret the major findings.
  • Compare findings with previous studies.
  • Explain possible implications.
  • Identify study strengths and limitations.
  • Discuss relevance to practice, research, policy, or patient care.

Conclusion

The conclusion should directly reflect the findings of the study and should avoid claims that are not supported by the results.

10. TABLES

Tables should:

  • Be numbered consecutively.
  • Be cited in the text.
  • Have concise and descriptive titles.
  • Be understandable without excessive reference to the text.
  • Include explanatory footnotes where necessary.

Tables should not duplicate information already presented in the text or figures.

11. FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Figures should:

  • Be numbered consecutively.
  • Be cited in the manuscript.
  • Include clear legends.
  • Be of high quality and suitable resolution.
  • Be submitted in accepted image formats where required.

Authors must obtain permission to reproduce previously published copyrighted material.

12. REFERENCES

The Journal recommends the Vancouver referencing style unless otherwise specified.

References should:

  • Be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text.
  • Be identified in the text using the Journal's approved citation format.
  • Include accurate bibliographic details.
  • Include DOI information where available.

Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of all references.

13. AUTHORSHIP AND AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Authorship should be based on substantial intellectual contributions to the work.

All authors should have contributed significantly to one or more of the following:

  • Study conception or design
  • Data acquisition
  • Data analysis or interpretation
  • Manuscript drafting
  • Critical revision of the manuscript
  • Approval of the final manuscript

The Journal may request an author contribution statement.

Example:

Author Contributions:
Author A conceived the study. Authors A and B designed the study. Author C collected the data. Authors A and C analysed the data. All authors contributed to manuscript preparation, reviewed the final manuscript, and approved its submission.

14. ETHICAL APPROVAL

Research involving human participants, human materials, identifiable data, or animals must comply with applicable ethical principles and regulatory requirements.

Where applicable, authors must provide:

  • Name of the Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board.
  • Institutional approval number.
  • Date of approval, where required.
  • Confirmation of informed consent.

Example:

Ethical Approval:
Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the [Name of Ethics Committee], Approval Number [XXXX].

15. INFORMED CONSENT

Written informed consent must be obtained from participants when required.

For case reports, identifiable clinical information, photographs, or patient data must not be published without appropriate consent.

16. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

Clinical trials should be registered in a recognised public clinical trial registry in accordance with applicable requirements.

The trial registration number and registry should be stated in the manuscript.

17. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Authors should include a Data Availability Statement.

Examples include:

Data available on request:
“The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.”

Publicly available data:
“The data supporting the findings of this study are available in [Repository Name] at[Identifier].”

Restricted data:
“The data are not publicly available due to ethical, privacy, or legal restrictions.”

18. FUNDING STATEMENT

All financial or material support should be disclosed.

Example:

Funding:
“This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

19. CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All authors must disclose potential conflicts of interest.

Examples:

No conflict of interest:
“The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.”

Conflict declared:
“The authors declare the following potential conflict of interest: [Details].”

20. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Individuals or organisations that contributed to the work but do not meet authorship requirements may be acknowledged.

Authors should obtain permission from individuals before including their names.

21. USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authors remain fully responsible for:

  • The originality of their manuscript.
  • The accuracy of scientific content.
  • The validity of data and analyses.
  • Verification of references and citations.
  • Compliance with confidentiality and ethical requirements.

Where artificial intelligence tools have made a substantial contribution to the preparation of the manuscript, authors should disclose their use in accordance with the Journal's editorial requirements.

22. PEER-REVIEW POLICY

Initial Editorial Assessment

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial assessment to determine:

  • Suitability for the Journal's scope.
  • Compliance with author guidelines.
  • Scientific relevance.
  • Basic methodological quality.
  • Ethical compliance.

Manuscripts that do not meet basic requirements may be returned to authors before peer review.

Peer Review

Suitable manuscripts are evaluated by independent reviewers with relevant expertise.

The Journal may use a double-anonymous peer-review process, in which reviewers do not know the identity of the authors and authors do not know the identity of reviewers.

Reviewers assess:

  • Originality
  • Scientific importance
  • Methodological quality
  • Validity of analysis
  • Interpretation of findings
  • Ethical compliance
  • Clarity and organisation
  • Relevance to clinical and pharmaceutical practice

Editorial Decision

Editorial decisions may include:

  • Accept
  • Minor Revision
  • Major Revision
  • Reject

The final decision rests with the Editor-in-Chief or designated Editorial Authority.

23. PUBLICATION ETHICS POLICY

The Journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and research integrity.

The Journal does not tolerate:

  • Plagiarism
  • Data fabrication
  • Data falsification
  • Image manipulation
  • Duplicate publication
  • Redundant publication
  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest
  • Improper authorship
  • Manipulation of peer review
  • Misrepresentation of research findings

Suspected misconduct may result in:

  • Request for clarification or correction.
  • Rejection of the manuscript.
  • Retraction of a published article.
  • Notification of relevant institutions where serious misconduct is identified.

24. PLAGIARISM POLICY

All submitted manuscripts may be screened for similarity and plagiarism.

Authors must ensure that all sources are properly acknowledged.

Direct quotations must be appropriately identified and referenced.

Substantial overlap with previously published work, including an author's own work, may be considered duplicate or redundant publication unless properly disclosed and justified.

25. CORRECTIONS, RETRACTIONS AND EXPRESSIONS OF CONCERN

The Journal may publish:

Corrections

Corrections may be issued when errors are identified that affect the accuracy or interpretation of a published article.

Retractions

Articles may be retracted when serious concerns exist regarding:

  • Data reliability.
  • Research misconduct.
  • Ethical violations.
  • Plagiarism.
  • Major publication errors.

 

Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be published when serious concerns are being investigated but a final conclusion has not yet been reached.

26. ARTICLE PROCESSING AND PUBLICATION POLICY

The Journal may operate under an open-access or subscription-supported publication model.

Authors will be informed of applicable:

  • Submission fees, if any.
  • Article processing charges (APCs), if any.
  • Publication charges.
  • Waiver or discount policies.

Editorial decisions are based solely on the scientific merit, originality, quality, relevance, and ethical integrity of the manuscript and are independent of any publication fees.

Any applicable charges will be communicated clearly to authors before publication.

27. OPEN-ACCESS AND COPYRIGHT POLICY

The Journal aims to promote the accessibility and dissemination of scientific knowledge.

Where articles are published under an open-access model:

  • Articles may be freely accessible to readers.
  • Authors retain or transfer copyright according to the Journal's publication agreement.
  • Articles may be distributed under a clearly stated licence.
  • Authors must comply with the terms of the applicable licence.

The specific copyright and licensing agreement applicable to an article will be communicated to authors before publication.

28. AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES

Authors are responsible for ensuring that:

  • Their work is original.
  • Data are accurately presented.
  • All authors meet authorship requirements.
  • Ethical approval has been obtained where required.
  • Conflicts of interest are disclosed.
  • Funding sources are disclosed.
  • References are accurate.
  • Patient and participant confidentiality is protected.
  • Permissions for copyrighted materials are obtained.

29. REVIEWER RESPONSIBILITIES

Reviewers are expected to:

  • Maintain confidentiality.
  • Provide objective and constructive feedback.
  • Declare conflicts of interest.
  • Evaluate manuscripts fairly.
  • Avoid using unpublished information for personal advantage.
  • Report suspected ethical concerns to the Editor.

30. EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE

Editorial decisions are based on:

  • Scientific quality.
  • Originality.
  • Methodological rigour.
  • Relevance.
  • Ethical compliance.

Editorial decisions should not be influenced by:

  • Authors' nationality.
  • Institutional affiliation.
  • Gender.
  • Professional status.
  • Financial considerations.
  • Personal relationships.

31. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION CHECKLIST

Before submission, authors should confirm that:

☐ The manuscript is within the Journal's scope.

☐ The manuscript is original and has not been published elsewhere.

☐ The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal.

☐ All authors have approved the final manuscript.

☐ The corresponding author has been identified.

☐ Author names and affiliations are complete.

☐ An abstract is included where required.

☐ Keywords have been provided.

☐ Tables and figures are correctly numbered.

☐ All tables and figures are cited in the text.

☐ References are complete and accurately formatted.

☐ Ethical approval information is included where applicable.

☐ Informed consent has been obtained where applicable.

☐ Clinical trial registration information is included where applicable.

☐ Funding sources are declared.

☐ Conflicts of interest are declared.

☐ A Data Availability Statement is included.

☐ The manuscript has been checked for grammar and spelling.

☐ All authors agree to the Journal's publication policies.

32. FINAL ACCEPTANCE

Acceptance for publication is based on:

  • Scientific merit.
  • Originality.
  • Methodological quality.
  • Ethical compliance.
  • Relevance to the Journal's readership.
  • Successful completion of the peer-review and revision process.

Acceptance is subject to final editorial review and completion of all required publication documentation.

33. CONTACT THE EDITORIAL OFFICE

For enquiries relating to manuscript submission, editorial policies, peer review, publication ethics, or other matters, authors should contact the Editorial Office of:

JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACY (JBCP)

Authors are strongly encouraged to read and comply with these Instructions to Authors before submitting a manuscript.

The Journal reserves the right to return manuscripts that do not comply with the required submission, ethical, and editorial standards.

This version can serve as the foundation for the official JBCP journal website and author submission page. I can also prepare a separate JBCP Manuscript Template with placeholders for the title, authors, abstract, IMRAD sections, declarations, and Vancouver reference examples, ready for authors to download and use.

Below is a ready-to-use JBCP Manuscript Template that authors can copy into Microsoft Word and complete with their manuscript details.

JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACY (JBCP)

MANUSCRIPT TEMPLATE FOR AUTHORS

MANUSCRIPT TITLE

[Insert a concise, informative, and specific title of the manuscript]

AUTHOR INFORMATION

First Author Full Name¹, Second Author Full Name², Third Author Full Name³

Author Affiliations

¹ [Department/Unit], [Faculty/College], [Institution/University], [City], [State/Province], [Country].

² [Department/Unit], [Faculty/College], [Institution/University], [City], [State/Province], [Country].

³ [Department/Unit], [Faculty/College], [Institution/University], [City], [State/Province], [Country].

Corresponding Author

Name: [Insert Full Name]

Institution: [Insert Institution]

Email: [Insert Email Address]

Telephone: [Insert Telephone Number, if required]

ORCID: [Insert ORCID, if available]

Running Title

[Insert a short running title]

ABSTRACT

Background

[Provide a brief background and explain the importance of the study.]

Objective

[Clearly state the aim or objective of the study.]

Methods

[Briefly describe the study design, setting, participants/materials, procedures, and methods of analysis.]

Results

[Present the most important findings, including relevant numerical results where appropriate.]

Conclusion

[State the main conclusion and implications of the findings.]

Keywords: [Keyword 1]; [Keyword 2]; [Keyword 3]; [Keyword 4]; [Keyword 5]

1. INTRODUCTION

Provide sufficient background information on the research topic.

The introduction should:

  • Describe the scientific or clinical problem.
  • Present relevant previous evidence.
  • Identify the knowledge or practice gap.
  • Explain the importance of the study.
  • Clearly state the study objective, research question, or hypothesis.

Suggested final paragraph:

“The objective of this study was to [insert the main objective of the study].”

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Design

[State the type of study conducted, e.g., cross-sectional study, cohort study, randomised controlled trial, laboratory experimental study, systematic review, etc.]

2.2 Study Setting

[Describe where and when the study was conducted.]

2.3 Study Population

[Describe the study participants, samples, materials, or data sources.]

2.4 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

[State the criteria used for including participants, samples, or studies.]

Exclusion Criteria

[State the criteria used for excluding participants, samples, or studies.]

2.5 Sample Size and Sampling Technique

[Describe the sample size determination and sampling method.]

2.6 Data Collection Procedures

[Describe how data, samples, or other study information were collected.]

2.7 Laboratory or Analytical Procedures

[Describe laboratory procedures, instruments, reagents, methods, and quality control procedures where applicable.]

2.8 Study Variables and Outcome Measures

[Clearly define the exposure variables, outcome variables, primary outcomes, secondary outcomes, and other relevant measures.]

2.9 Data Analysis

[Describe the statistical software and statistical methods used.]

Example:

“Data were analysed using [Software Name and Version]. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Continuous variables were presented as [mean ± standard deviation/median and interquartile range], while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.”

2.10 Ethical Considerations

[Provide details of ethical approval and informed consent where applicable.]

Example:

“Ethical approval was obtained from the [Name of Ethics Committee], with Approval Number [XXXX]. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before participation in the study.”

3. RESULTS

Present the study findings clearly and logically.

Do not repeat all information contained in tables and figures in the main text.

3.1 Participant or Sample Characteristics

[Present demographic, clinical, laboratory, or other baseline characteristics.]

Table 1. [Insert Title of Table]

Variable

Category

Frequency (n)

Percentage (%)

Age Group

[Category]

[n]

[%]

Sex

Male

[n]

[%]
 

Female

[n]

[%]

Other Variable

[Category]

[n]

[%]

3.2 Main Findings

[Present the main findings of the study.]

Table 2. [Insert Title of Table]

Variable

Group 1

Group 2

Statistical Test

p-value

[Variable]

[Value]

[Value]

[Test]

[Value]

[Variable]

[Value]

[Value]

[Test]

[Value]

3.3 Additional Findings

[Present secondary outcomes, subgroup analyses, laboratory findings, or other relevant results.]

Figure 1. [Insert Figure Title]

[Insert Figure Here]

Figure Legend: [Provide a clear explanation of the figure.]

4. DISCUSSION

Discuss the major findings of the study and their relevance.

The discussion should:

  • Summarise the major findings.
  • Compare findings with previous studies.
  • Explain possible reasons for similarities or differences.
  • Discuss clinical, pharmaceutical, scientific, or public health implications.
  • Identify the strengths and limitations of the study.
  • Suggest areas for future research where appropriate.

Avoid simply repeating the Results section.

5. STUDY STRENGTHS

[Describe the major strengths of the study.]

Examples may include:

  • Novel research findings.
  • Large or representative sample size.
  • Robust methodology.
  • Use of validated instruments.
  • Important clinical or pharmaceutical implications.

 

6. STUDY LIMITATIONS

[Clearly describe the limitations of the study and their potential effect on the findings.]

7. CONCLUSION

[Provide a concise conclusion based directly on the findings of the study.]

The conclusion should not introduce new information or make claims beyond the evidence presented.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS

[Provide practical recommendations for clinical practice, pharmaceutical care, policy, research, or public health, where appropriate.]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

[Recognise individuals, organisations, institutions, research assistants, or others who contributed to the study but do not meet authorship criteria.]

Example:

“The authors acknowledge the support of [Name of Institution/Organisation] and all individuals who contributed to the successful completion of this study.”

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

[Clearly describe the contribution of each author.]

Example:

Author A: Conceptualisation, study design, and supervision.

Author B: Data collection and manuscript drafting.

Author C: Data analysis and interpretation.

All Authors: Critical revision of the manuscript and approval of the final version.

FUNDING

[Declare all sources of financial or material support.]

 

Example – No Specific Funding

“This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

Example – Funded Research

“This study was supported by [Name of Funding Organisation], Grant Number [XXXX].”

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

[Declare all actual or potential conflicts of interest.]

Example – No Conflict of Interest

“The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.”

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

[State whether and how the data supporting the findings of this study are available.]

Example – Available on Request

“The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.”

Example – Public Repository

“The data supporting the findings of this study are available at [Name of Repository], [DOI/Identifier].”

Example – Restricted Data

“The data are not publicly available due to ethical, privacy, or legal restrictions.”

ETHICAL APPROVAL

[Provide complete details of ethical approval where applicable.]

Example:

“Ethical approval was obtained from the [Name of Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board], Approval Number [XXXX].”

 

INFORMED CONSENT

[State whether informed consent was obtained.]

Example:

“Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.”

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

[Complete this section where applicable.]

Trial Registry: [Insert Registry Name]

Registration Number: [Insert Registration Number]

Date of Registration: [Insert Date]

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DECLARATION

[Declare the use or non-use of artificial intelligence tools in the preparation of the manuscript.]

Example – No AI Use

“The authors declare that no generative artificial intelligence tools were used in the writing, analysis, or preparation of this manuscript.”

Example – AI-Assisted Use

“The authors used [Name of Tool] for [language editing/formatting/other specified purpose]. The authors reviewed and verified all content and remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.”

REFERENCES

References should be prepared according to the Vancouver Style and numbered in the order in which they appear in the manuscript.

Examples

Journal Article

  1. Author AA, Author BB, Author CC. Title of article. Journal Name. Year;Volume(Issue):Page–Page. doi:xxxxx.

 

Example:

  1. Smith J, Brown A, Johnson P. Clinical pharmacy interventions and patient outcomes in hospital practice. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2025;18(2):120–128. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.

Book

  1. Author AA. Title of Book. Edition. City: Publisher; Year.

Book Chapter

  1. Author AA. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of Book. Edition. City: Publisher; Year. p. xx–xx.

Website

  1. Organisation Name. Title of webpage or document. Year [cited Year Month Day].

TABLES

Tables should be placed after the References or uploaded separately according to the Journal's submission requirements.

Each table should:

  • Have a table number.
  • Have a concise title.
  • Be cited in the text.
  • Include all necessary abbreviations in footnotes.

FIGURES

Figures should be numbered consecutively and cited in the text.

Each figure should have:

  • A figure number.
  • A descriptive title.
  • A clear figure legend.
  • Appropriate resolution for publication.

SUBMISSION CHECKLIST

Before submitting your manuscript to the Journal of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy (JBCP), confirm that:

☐ The manuscript is within the scope of JBCP.

☐ The manuscript is original and not under consideration by another journal.

☐ All authors meet the authorship criteria.

☐ All authors have approved the final manuscript.

☐ The corresponding author has been identified.

☐ The title page is complete.

☐ The abstract and keywords are included.

☐ Tables and figures are correctly numbered.

☐ All tables and figures are cited in the text.

☐ References follow the Vancouver style.

☐ Ethical approval information is included where applicable.

☐ Informed consent is included where applicable.

☐ Clinical trial registration details are included where applicable.

☐ Funding sources have been declared.

☐ Conflicts of interest have been declared.

☐ A Data Availability Statement has been included.

☐ Author Contributions have been included.

☐ The manuscript has been carefully checked for grammar, spelling, accuracy, and originality.